Western Civilization

The Great IdeasVs . Political December 2006Great IdeasThe European heaven , cut rotation , and Victorian Liberalism shared a common optical modality of the individual , political life , and the deification rescript . The twain great political philosophies of the 20th degree centigrade fascism (Nazism ) and socialist economy , differed in their vision (of the individual , political life , and ideal confederation , but both producedThe European Enlightenment came rough as a reaction to the feudalist worldview of the Middle Ages . Both the French Revolution and Victorian Liberalism were off-shoots of the Enlightenment . Under feudalism society br was based on a hierarchy : the original , landholder , ruled his vassals (or serfs , who worked the land . A middle var. did non endure . The Enlightenment idea of freedom , to make general apply of virtuoso and only(a) s reason in all matters (Losonsky , 2001 ,.1 , created the universal welkin where ideas could be exchanged . Public opinion became progressively more(prenominal) important in the 18th and 19th centuries , which in sport gave rise to the public market place , where goods could be change , thus creating a middle sortFreedom was an important construct of the Enlightenment , French Revolution , and Victorian Liberalism . However , it was non the 21st century idea of freedom . The freedom that could be granted the good deal was that they recognize the moral and intellectual high quality of the a couple of(prenominal) who , in virtue of a happy confederacy of own(prenominal) gifts with accidental advantages , ought to be regarded as their natural drawing tease and [follow] their guidance , not slavishly but willingly , and with an dextrous co-operation (Stapleton , 1998 ,.80Great IdeasThe devil great political experiments of the 20th century , fascism and socialism , s! tand in contrast with the great ideas of the Enlightenment French Revolution and Victorian Liberalism for both viewed the public sphere as something to be completely controlled by the state . German fascism came close as a reaction to the depressed economic conditions which resulted from the macerate and destruction of World War One .

Many Germans had a negative view of the democratic Weimar democracy , i .e . they believed the ground could not adequately cope with the depression The institution of the republic was the epitome of what German radical nationalism opposed : it couple liberal incompetence , socialist subversion , class divisiveness and transnational conspiracy against the German Volk (Kallis , 2000 ,.31 ) The Nazi Party , under Adolph Hitler s principal , promised to restore Germany . Territorial expansion proved to be one of the ways that Hitler would try to bring German restoration , objet dart ushering in a subordinated the individual s ideas and desires to the governmentKarl Marx and Max Engels wrote the Communist manifesto , in the 18th century , which influenced the Russian communist attractor , Vladmir Lenin In the Communist Manifesto , Marx and Engels divide industrialized societies into both classes : the travails and bourgeoisie . The trade union movements are the workers , and the bourgeoisie are the ruling class The goal of Marxist communism is the overthrow of the bourgeoisie , and throw out power into the hands of the proletariat , although not the entire proletariat class , but a handful...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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